16.1 The list begins with fearlessness Krishna speaks
अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिः ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः
दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम्
abhayaṁ sattva-sanśhuddhir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ
dānaṁ damaśh cha yajñaśh cha svādhyāyas tapa ārjavam
Fearlessness, purity of being, steadiness in knowledge and practice, giving, restraint, offering, study, austerity, straightness;
Explanation
The divine nature is described as a list, and the first item is fearlessness.
abhayam comes before purity, before knowledge, before giving. In a book that opened with a man too frightened to act, putting it first is not alphabetical.
What follows is twenty-six qualities across three verses, and no argument for any of them. The chapter is describing a disposition rather than making a case for one.
Word by word
- śhrī-bhagavān uvācha
- the Supreme Divine Personality said
- abhayam
- fearlessness
- sattva-sanśhuddhiḥ
- purity of mind
- jñāna
- knowledge
- yoga
- spiritual
- vyavasthitiḥ
- steadfastness
- dānam
- charity
- damaḥ
- control of the senses
- cha
- and
- yajñaḥ
- performance of sacrifice
- cha
- and
- svādhyāyaḥ
- study of sacred books
- tapaḥ
- austerity
- ārjavam
- straightforwardness
Long-press or right-click the image to copy it. Nothing is uploaded — it is drawn here, on your device.